The results of this study are based primarily on interviews conducted with participants in integration initiatives. A total of 26 telephone interviews were conducted over a two-week period. The participants for the initial interviews were selected by the Office of Justice Programs staff as persons who were knowledgeable about specific state and local initiatives. During the interviews the participants were asked to identify other knowledgeable persons for possible additional interviews, and some of these were contacted as well. The interviews ranged in length from 45 minutes to 2 hours, and were semi-structured, open-ended in style. All the participants were contacted with preliminary phone calls or email and received a copy of the interview questions in advance. All interviews were recorded and notes and summaries were prepared. The interviews were conducted by Center for Technology in Government professional staff who were trained specifically for these interviews to ensure consistency in questions and approach. The study also draws on published materials about the integration initiatives, obtained either from the participants directly, or by searching print and electronic sources.