As with proficiency ratings, training demand is strongly influenced by job specialty. Across all specialties, relatively high levels of demand (by one-third or more of employees) were reported for roughly 25-40 individual skills. Table 8 lists the top ten skills for which respondents reported high training demand as measured by the proportion of employees in the specialty who said they need training in these skills.

In all specialty areas, employees reported a need for training in a mixture of management and technical skills. Among the management skills, negotiation and conflict resolution, project management, leadership, and supervisory skills are in the top ten for most job specialties. As would be expected, technical skills in the top ten vary considerably from one specialty to another, although system security applications appear in four of the eight specialty areas.

Table 8. Top ten skills for training demand by job specialties

Technology managers	Database specialists	Data communications & telecommunications specialists	Operations specialists
IT strategic planning Business continuity planning Negotiation & conflict resolution IT risk assessment & management Contract management & vendor relations IT project portfolio management IT procurement IT asset management Leadership Capacity management	Java Oracle Leadership Data warehousing Supervisory skills Project management Negotiation & conflict resolution Oral communication Disaster recovery & planning Website design & development	Supervisory skills Network configuration Wireless technologies Project management Network architecture & design principles System security applications Intrusion detection Wide Area Networks (WAN) Firewalls Leadership	UNIX Windows operating system Leadership Supervisory skills Oral communication Written communication Disaster recovery & planning Negotiation & conflict resolution Backup & recovery Principles of operating systems
Programmer	Other technical specialists	Business specialists	Systems specialists
Website design & development Website management Project management Java Supervisory skills Leadership System security applications Negotiation & conflict resolution Web servers Website accessibility	Intrusion detection Windows network operating systems Network configuration Wireless technologies Backup & recovery Microsoft Access Support for desktop applications Web/IP Encryption Hardware maintenance & support	Website design & development System security applications Supervisory skills Web/IP Leadership Negotiation & conflict resolution Website management Planning & evaluation Intrusion detection Project management	Linux operating systems Negotiation & conflict resolution Web/IP Windows operating system System security applications Project management Network architecture & design principles Identity management & directory services Leadership Network configuration