Bozeman and Crow (1992) discuss the need for a system that more equitably allocates federal science dollars to university-based research centers. Branscomb (1992b) indicates that government support for research has shifted from a mission-oriented policy to one that focuses on the generation of commercially viable spin-offs. Bozeman and Pandey (1994) compared the cooperative technology policies of the U.S. and Japan to determine the extent, structural patterns, motives, and consequences of cooperative research and development. Schorr and Stolfo (1997) contend that government agencies at all levels are striving to meet citizens’ rising expectations for fast, secure, and accurate technology-enabled transactions in environments of shrinking budgets and staff resources. Recent failures in widely publicized large-scale government efforts have tempered the hopes of many governments that these expectations can be made. They argue that government agencies often procure costly and complex information systems without the benefit of sufficient interaction with each other or with the research and development (R&D) community. In order to move toward the vision of a Digital Government that will allow public access to government information and services, and group participation in discussions at any time and from anywhere on the globe, it will be necessary for government to work with the R&D community and information service providers from all sectors to define a new research agenda.