A large percentage of the funding from some of the larger granting organizations goes to a very small number of organizations. For example, 80 percent of the research dollars distributed by NSF goes to 150 organizations. Business-to-business relationships between granting organizations and the universities and other research facilities they support therefore offer great opportunities to improve the efficiency and accountability of proposals submissions and grants management. Private sector supply chain and e-commerce models, and government-to-government (G to G) and government-to-business (G to B) electronic government models all present possible improvements in these crucial business relationships. Instead of treating each grant as if it were a new business relationship, these models would treat each grant as a defined transaction within an already established business relationship. This business relationship could capitalize on the capabilities of each participating organization and offer substantial economies of scale. Granting organizations, research institutions, investigators, and taxpayers would all benefit from experiments along these lines.