Value propositions of governance and their corresponding change requirements were at the core of the first workshops held in Albany and New York City. In each workshop the discussion was launched with a presentation of the public value framework created through an earlier CTG project. In this framework, public return on investment (ROI) is defined as a measure of the delivery of specific value to the people, and the improvement of the value of government itself as a public asset.¹ Public value, according to this framework, can ultimately reveal itself in six broad categories: financial, political, social, strategic, ideological, and stewardship. Value is specifically identified in these categories when increases in efficiency and effectiveness, enablement of otherwise infeasible, but desirable activities, and intrinsic enhancements to the government environment result from investments. The task of assessing value is challenging because not every aspect of public value is relevant for a particular investment. The workshop started with the discussion of three basic public value elements from the framework:

• the investment - in this case, an enhanced enterprise IT governance framework,
• the government operations affected - in this case, state and local, agencies and authorities, and
• the stakeholders - in this case, state and local CIOs, program units, and citizens.

The results from each of the workshops are presented below.

¹ Center for Technology in Government. (2007). Advancing Return on Investment Analysis for Government IT: A Public Value Framework. Available at http://www.ctg.albany.edu/publications/reports/advancing_roi